What are Treatments for Tardive Dyskinesia?
Tardive dyskinesia is a movement disorder that can happen when people take certain antipsychotic medications for a long time. It causes quick, uncontrolled movements, often in the face or tongue, and can sometimes affect other parts of the body. Finding ways to treat and manage tardive dyskinesia is important so that people can feel more comfortable and keep a good quality of life. So what are the treatments for tardive dyskinesia? Let's take a look.
1. VMAT Inhibitors
VMAT inhibitors, like Deutetrabenazine (Austedo), help by blocking a chemical in the brain that is released in large amounts when people are on certain medications. By controlling this release, these drugs can reduce the unwanted movements. They work by lowering the amount of certain chemicals that cause the jerky motions in the parts of the body affected by tardive dyskinesia.
2. Benzodiazepines
Benzodiazepines are medicines that help calm the brain. They are sometimes used to help control the muscle movements that happen with tardive dyskinesia. Drugs like clonazepam make it easier for the body to relax so that the jerky motions reduce, which can also help a person feel less anxious.
3. Dopamine-Depleting Drugs
Dopamine-depleting drugs, like tetrabenazine (Xenazine) is a drug that lowers the amount of dopamine, a chemical in the brain that is linked to movement. Too much dopamine can be a problem in tardive dyskinesia, causing more severe movements. By reducing dopamine levels, these drugs can ease these movements and help bring them under control.
4. Botulinum Toxin
Botulinum toxin, often known by one of its brand names Botox, is a substance that can be injected into specific muscles. This treatment can relax the targeted muscles that are overactive and stop contracting too much. It is a good option for people who have very noticeable symptoms in certain areas, like the face or neck, and it can be done on a regular schedule to keep the symptoms from coming back too quickly.
5. Deep Brain Stimulation
Deep brain stimulation (DBS) is a more advanced treatment option. In this procedure, a surgeon places tiny electrodes in the brain that send small electric pulses. These pulses help control the brain activity that causes the jerky movements. DBS usually is considered when other treatments do not work well enough. It is a more complex treatment that often has to be done in a hospital and then managed with regular follow-up.
6. Vitamin E
Vitamin E is a nutrient that works as an antioxidant, meaning it helps protect the brain from damage caused by free radicals. Some people use vitamin E as a supplement to try to slow down or reduce the movements caused by tardive dyskinesia. While it may not work for everyone, some studies suggest that it might help protect nerve cells and lessen symptoms.
7. Ginkgo Biloba
Ginkgo biloba is a plant extract that is thought to improve blood flow and reduce oxidative stress in the brain. It has been used by some people to help manage tardive dyskinesia symptoms. The idea is that by improving the health of brain tissue through better oxygen and nutrient delivery, ginkgo biloba may help reduce the severity of the movements.
8. Discontinue Antipsychotic or Lower the Dose
Many cases of tardive dyskinesia show up in people who take antipsychotic medications for long periods of time. One way to help control the movements is to talk with the doctor about stopping the antipsychotic or reducing the dose. Of course, this change must be done slowly and carefully so that the person’s original condition stays under control. It is important that a doctor and patient work together to balance the need for the medication with the side effect of tardive dyskinesia.
9. Switch to Clozapine
Clozapine is an antipsychotic that is sometimes used as an alternative because it has a lower risk of causing tardive dyskinesia. Doctors might suggest switching from another antipsychotic to clozapine if the patient develops twitching or other uncontrolled movements. This change has to be monitored carefully since clozapine also has side effects, but many patients experience fewer problems with movement when they use it instead of other medications.
10. Exercise
Regular exercise can help improve overall health and may also reduce the severity of tardive dyskinesia symptoms. When we exercise, our brains release chemicals that help control mood and movement. Exercise can include simple activities like walking, stretching or even gentle yoga. Staying active can also help reduce stress, which may lessen the intensity of the symptoms. Regular physical activity is an important part of managing the condition along with other treatments.
Managing tardive dyskinesia means looking at a mix of treatment options. Every treatment works a bit differently for each person and it is important to have a good conversation with a doctor about the best plan. With a well-planned approach, many people with tardive dyskinesia can see a reduction in their symptoms, which can help them enjoy their daily lives with more comfort.
The information on this website is for general educational purposes only and is not a substitute for professional medical advice. Always consult your doctor or qualified healthcare provider before making changes to your health, diet or treatment plan.